Hypertension — Effect of a Multi-component Education Program on Salt Reduction in Adults
Citation(s)
Polonia J, Lobo MF, Martins L, Pinto F, Nazare J Estimation of populational 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion from spot urine samples: evaluation of four formulas in a large national representative population. J Hypertens. 2017 Mar;35(3):477-486. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001180.
Polonia J, Martins L, Pinto F, Nazare J Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and salt intake in Portugal: changes over a decade. The PHYSA study. J Hypertens. 2014 Jun;32(6):1211-21. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000162.
Polonia J, Monteiro J, Almeida J, Silva JA, Bertoquini S High salt intake is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events: a 7.2-year evaluation of a cohort of hypertensive patients. Blood Press Monit. 2016 Oct;21(5):301-6. doi: 10.1097/MBP.0000000000000205.
Effect of a Multi-component Education Program on Salt Reduction in Adults
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
