Hypertension — Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Prognosis
Citation(s)
Devereux RB, de Simone G, Ganau A, Roman MJ Left ventricular hypertrophy and geometric remodeling in hypertension: stimuli, functional consequences and prognostic implications. J Hypertens Suppl. 1994 Dec;12(10):S117-27. Review.
Devereux RB, James GD, Pickering TG What is normal blood pressure? Comparison of ambulatory pressure level and variability in patients with normal or abnormal left ventricular geometry. Am J Hypertens. 1993 Jun;6(6 Pt 2):211S-215S.
Devereux RB Left ventricular geometry, pathophysiology and prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995 Mar 15;25(4):885-7. Review.
James GD, Toledano T, Datz G, Pickering TG Factors influencing the awake-sleep difference in ambulatory blood pressure: main effects and sex differences. J Hum Hypertens. 1995 Oct;9(10):821-6.
Loupal G [Gastrolithiasis in a llama]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1982 Jan 1;95(1):14-6. German.
Pickering TG, James GD Ambulatory blood pressure and prognosis. J Hypertens Suppl. 1994 Nov;12(8):S29-33. Review.
Pickering TG, James GD Determinants and consequences of the diurnal rhythm of blood pressure. Am J Hypertens. 1993 Jun;6(6 Pt 2):166S-169S. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
