Gerber LM, Schnall PL, Pickering TG Body fat and its distribution in relation to casual and ambulatory blood pressure. Hypertension. 1990 May;15(5):508-13.
Gerin W, Pieper C, Levy R, Pickering TG Social support in social interaction: a moderator of cardiovascular reactivity. Psychosom Med. 1992 May-Jun;54(3):324-36.
Gerin W, Pieper C, Marchese L, Pickering TG The multi-dimensional nature of active coping: differential effects of effort and enhanced control on cardiovascular reactivity. Psychosom Med. 1992 Nov-Dec;54(6):707-19.
Gerin W, Pieper C, Pickering TG Anticipatory and residual effects of an active coping task on pre- and post-stress baselines. J Psychosom Res. 1994 Feb;38(2):139-49.
Gerin W, Pieper C, Pickering TG Measurement reliability of cardiovascular reactivity change scores: a comparison of intermittent and continuous methods of assessment. J Psychosom Res. 1993 Jul;37(5):493-501.
James GD, Pickering TG, Laragh JH Ambulatory blood pressure variation is related to plasma renin activity in borderline hypertensive men. Am J Hypertens. 1991 Jun;4(6):525-8.
James GD, Pickering TG The influence of behavioral factors on the daily variation of blood pressure. Am J Hypertens. 1993 Jun;6(6 Pt 2):170S-173S. Review.
Pickering TG, Gerin W Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and cardiovascular reactivity testing for the evaluation of the role of psychosocial factors and prognosis in hypertensive patients. Am Heart J. 1988 Aug;116(2 Pt 2):665-72. Review.
Pickering TG, Harshfield GA, Laragh JH Ambulatory versus casual blood pressure in the diagnosis of hypertensive patients. Clin Exp Hypertens A. 1985;7(2-3):257-66. Review.
Pickering TG, James GD Determinants and consequences of the diurnal rhythm of blood pressure. Am J Hypertens. 1993 Jun;6(6 Pt 2):166S-169S. Review.
Pickering TG, James GD Some implications of the differences between home, clinic and ambulatory blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive patients. J Hypertens Suppl. 1989 May;7(3):S65-72. Review.
Pickering TG, Schnall PL, Schwartz JE, Pieper CF Can behavioural factors produce a sustained elevation of blood pressure? Some observations and a hypothesis. J Hypertens Suppl. 1991 Dec;9(8):S66-8. Review.
Pickering TG Blood pressure monitoring outside the office for the evaluation of patients with resistant hypertension. Hypertension. 1988 Mar;11(3 Pt 2):II96-100. Review.
Pickering TG Strategies for the evaluation and treatment of hypertension and some implications of blood pressure variability. Circulation. 1987 Jul;76(1 Pt 2):I77-82. Review.
Pickering TG The influence of daily activity on ambulatory blood pressure. Am Heart J. 1988 Oct;116(4):1141-5.
Pieper C, Warren K, Pickering TG A comparison of ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate at home and work on work and non-work days. J Hypertens. 1993 Feb;11(2):177-83.
Roman MJ, Pickering TG, Schwartz JE, Pini R, Devereux RB Relation of arterial structure and function to left ventricular geometric patterns in hypertensive adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996 Sep;28(3):751-6. Erratum in: J Am Coll Cardiol 1996 Nov 15;28(6):1642.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.