Hypertension — National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV (NHANES (IV)
Citation(s)
Andersen RE, Crespo CJ, Bartlett SJ, Cheskin LJ, Pratt M Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA. 1998 Mar 25;279(12):938-42.
Gillum RF, Ingram DD, Makuc DM White blood cell count, coronary heart disease, and death: the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Am Heart J. 1993 Mar;125(3):855-63.
Gillum RF, Makuc DM Serum albumin, coronary heart disease, and death. Am Heart J. 1992 Feb;123(2):507-13.
Gillum RF, Mussolino ME, Sempos CT Baseline serum total cholesterol and coronary heart disease incidence in African-American women (the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study). National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Cardiol. 1998 May 15;81(10):1246-9.
Vargas CM, Ingram DD, Gillum RF Incidence of hypertension and educational attainment: the NHANES I epidemiologic followup study. First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Aug 1;152(3):272-8.
Winkleby MA, Kraemer HC, Ahn DK, Varady AN Ethnic and socioeconomic differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors: findings for women from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. JAMA. 1998 Jul 22-29;280(4):356-62.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
