Hypertension — Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)
Citation(s)
ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA. 2002 Dec 18;288(23):2981-97. Erratum in: JAMA. 2004 May 12;291(18):2196. JAMA 2003 Jan 8;289(2):178.
ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT). JAMA. 2002 Dec 18;288(23):2998-3007.
Anderson RJ, Alonso K The ALLHAT challenges. J Natl Med Assoc. 1996 Jun;88(6):335, 368.
Elliott WJ ALLHAT: the largest and most important clinical trial in hypertension ever done in the USA. Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. Am J Hypertens. 1996 Apr;9(4 Pt 1):409-11.
Geraci TS, Geraci SA What ALLHAT tells us about treating high-risk patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2003 Nov-Dec;18(5):389-95. Review.
Lasagna L Diuretics vs alpha-blockers for treatment of hypertension: lessons from ALLHAT. Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. JAMA. 2000 Apr 19;283(15):2013-4.
Messerli FH Implications of discontinuation of doxazosin arm of ALLHAT. Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. Lancet. 2000 Mar 11;355(9207):863-4. Erratum in: Lancet 2000 Apr 8;355(9211):1280.
Messerli FH What, if anything, is controversial about calcium antagonists? Am J Hypertens. 1996 Dec;9(12 Pt 2):177S-181S. Review.
Saunders E Recruitment of African-American patients for clinical trials--the Allhat challenges. Antihypertensive and Lipid-lowering Trial to Prevent Heart Attack. J Natl Med Assoc. 1995 Aug;87(8 Suppl):627-9.
SoRelle R National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute halts part of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). Circulation. 2000 Mar 28;101(12):E9025.
Whelton PK, Williamson JD, Louis GT, Davis BR, Cutler JA Experimental approaches to determining the choice of first-step therapy for patients with hypertension. The ALLHAT Research Group Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. Clin Exp Hypertens. 1996 Apr-May;18(3-4):569-79. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.