Hypermobility Syndrome — Dyspnea in Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder
Citation(s)
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Chatzoudis D, Kelly TJ, Lancaster J, Jones TM Upper airway obstruction in a patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2015 Apr;97(3):e50-1. doi: 10.1308/003588414X14055925061793.
Gazit Y, Nahir AM, Grahame R, Jacob G Dysautonomia in the joint hypermobility syndrome. Am J Med. 2003 Jul;115(1):33-40. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(03)00235-3.
Hakim AJ, Grahame R Non-musculoskeletal symptoms in joint hypermobility syndrome. Indirect evidence for autonomic dysfunction? Rheumatology (Oxford). 2004 Sep;43(9):1194-5. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keh279. No abstract available.
Morgan AW, Pearson SB, Davies S, Gooi HC, Bird HA Asthma and airways collapse in two heritable disorders of connective tissue. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007 Oct;66(10):1369-73. doi: 10.1136/ard.2006.062224. Epub 2007 Apr 5.
Reychler G, Liistro G, Pierard GE, Hermanns-Le T, Manicourt D Inspiratory muscle strength training improves lung function in patients with the hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Med Genet A. 2019 Mar;179(3):356-364. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61016. Epub 2018 Dec 20.
Evaluation and Management of Dyspnea in Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder (HSD)
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
