Hypercapnia — Changes in Capillary Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure (pCO2) While Wearing FFP2 / FFP3 Masks
Citation(s)
Fletcher SJ, Clark M, Stanley PJ Carbon dioxide re-breathing with close fitting face respirator masks. Anaesthesia. 2006 Sep;61(9):910. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2006.04767.x. No abstract available.
Kim JH, Benson SM, Roberge RJ Pulmonary and heart rate responses to wearing N95 filtering facepiece respirators. Am J Infect Control. 2013 Jan;41(1):24-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2012.02.037. Epub 2012 Sep 1.
Ozdemir L, Azizoglu M, Yapici D Respirators used by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 outbreak increase end-tidal carbon dioxide and fractional inspired carbon dioxide pressure. J Clin Anesth. 2020 Nov;66:109901. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109901. Epub 2020 May 22.
Paules CI, Marston HD, Fauci AS Coronavirus Infections-More Than Just the Common Cold. JAMA. 2020 Feb 25;323(8):707-708. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.0757. No abstract available.
Changes in Capillary pCO2 While Wearing FFP2 and FFP3 Masks Masks by Medical Staff - a Prospective Cross-over Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
