Hydrosalpinx — Hydrosalpinx Management Before Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Citation(s)
El-Mazny A, Abou-Salem N, Hammam M, Saber W Hysteroscopic tubal electrocoagulation versus laparoscopic tubal ligation for patients with hydrosalpinges undergoing in vitro fertilization. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015 Sep;130(3):250-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.04.039. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
Mijatovic V, Veersema S, Emanuel MH, Schats R, Hompes PG Essure hysteroscopic tubal occlusion device for the treatment of hydrosalpinx prior to in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer in patients with a contraindication for laparoscopy. Fertil Steril. 2010 Mar 1;93(4):1338-42. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.11.022. Epub 2009 Jan 14.
Parihar M, Mirge A, Hasabe R Hydrosalpinx functional surgery or salpingectomy? The importance of hydrosalpinx fluid in assisted reproductive technologies. J Gynecol Endosc Surg. 2009 Jan;1(1):12-6. doi: 10.4103/0974-1216.51903.
Stadtmauer LA, Riehl RM, Toma SK, Talbert LM Cauterization of hydrosalpinges before in vitro fertilization is an effective surgical treatment associated with improved pregnancy rates. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Aug;183(2):367-71.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
