Hospitalized Children — The Role of Therapy Dogs in Reducing Depression, Anxiety, and Loneliness Among Hospitalized Children
Citation(s)
Administration HRaS The Loneliness Epidemic. https://www.hrsa.gov/enews/past-issues/2019/january-17/loneliness-epidemic. Published 2019. Accessed January 23, 2021.
Barker SB, Dawson KS The effects of animal-assisted therapy on anxiety ratings of hospitalized psychiatric patients. Psychiatr Serv. 1998 Jun;49(6):797-801. doi: 10.1176/ps.49.6.797.
Barker SB, Pandurangi AK, Best AM Effects of animal-assisted therapy on patients' anxiety, fear, and depression before ECT. J ECT. 2003 Mar;19(1):38-44. doi: 10.1097/00124509-200303000-00008.
Dell NA, Pelham M, Murphy AM Loneliness and depressive symptoms in middle aged and older adults experiencing serious mental illness. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2019 Jun;42(2):113-120. doi: 10.1037/prj0000347. Epub 2019 Jan 21.
Holt-Lunstad J, Smith TB, Layton JB Social relationships and mortality risk: a meta-analytic review. PLoS Med. 2010 Jul 27;7(7):e1000316. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316.
Krause-Parello CA, Gulick, E E., Basin, B. Loneliness, depression, and physical activity in older adults: The therapeutic role of human-animal interactions. Anthrozoös. 2019;32(2):239-254.
Meltzer H, Bebbington P, Dennis MS, Jenkins R, McManus S, Brugha TS Feelings of loneliness among adults with mental disorder. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2013 Jan;48(1):5-13. doi: 10.1007/s00127-012-0515-8. Epub 2012 May 9. Erratum In: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2015 Mar;50(3):503-4.
Wells DL The state of research on human-animal relations: implications for human health. Anthrozoös. 2019;32(2):169-181.
The Role of Therapy Dogs in Reducing Depression, Anxiety, and Loneliness Among Hospitalized Children
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
