HIV — Effectiveness of a Smoking Cessation Algorithm Integrated Into HIV Primary Care
Citation(s)
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Fiore, M C., C. R. Jaen, et al. (2008). Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 Update. Clinical Practice Guideline. Rockville, MD, US Public Health Service.
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Hughes JR An updated algorithm for choosing among smoking cessation treatments. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2013 Aug;45(2):215-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2013.01.011. Epub 2013 Mar 19.
Ingersoll KS, Cropsey KL, Heckman CJ A test of motivational plus nicotine replacement interventions for HIV positive smokers. AIDS Behav. 2009 Jun;13(3):545-54. doi: 10.1007/s10461-007-9334-4. Epub 2007 Dec 8.
Kunyk D, Els C, Papadakis S, Selby P Tobacco use disorder treatment in primary care: implementing a clinical system pathway in Alberta. Can Fam Physician. 2014 Jul;60(7):646-55.
Schnoll RA, Rukstalis M, Wileyto EP, Shields AE Smoking cessation treatment by primary care physicians: An update and call for training. Am J Prev Med. 2006 Sep;31(3):233-9. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.05.001. Epub 2006 Jul 24.
Seger, J C., Horn, D. B., Westman, E. C., Lindquist, R., Scinta, W., Richardson, L. A., ... & Bays, H. E. (2013). American Society of Bariatric Physicians Obesity Algorithm: Adult Adiposity Evaluation and Treatment 2013.
Shuter J, Bernstein SL, Moadel AB Cigarette smoking behaviors and beliefs in persons living with HIV/AIDS. Am J Health Behav. 2012 Jan;36(1):75-85. doi: 10.5993/ajhb.36.1.8.
Effectiveness of a Smoking Cessation Algorithm Integrated Into HIV Primary Care
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
