Alvarez-Uria G, Azcona JM, Midde M, Naik PK, Reddy S, Reddy R Rapid Diagnosis of Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Patients. Comparison of LED Fluorescent Microscopy and the GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay in a District Hospital in India.
Alvarez-Uria G, Midde M, Naik PK Mortality in HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis treated with streptomycin and a two-week intensified regimen: data from an HIV cohort study using inverse probability of treatment weighting. PeerJ. 2016 May 17;4:e2053
Alvarez-Uria G, Midde M, Naik PK Socio-demographic Risk Factors Associated with HIV Infection In Patients Seeking Medical Advice in a Rural Hospital of India. J Public Health Res. 2012 Feb 14;1(1):79-82. doi: 10.4081/jphr.2012.e14. eCollection 2012 Feb 1
Alvarez-Uria G, Midde M, Naik PK Trends and risk factors for HIV infection among young pregnant women in rural India. Int J Infect Dis. 2012 Feb;16(2):e121-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2011.10.003. Epub 2011 Dec 5.
Alvarez-Uria G, Midde M, Pakam R, Bachu L, Naik PK Effect of Formula Feeding and Breastfeeding on Child Growth, Infant Mortality, and HIV Transmission in Children Born to HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Who Received Triple Antiretroviral Therapy in a Resourc
Alvarez-Uria G, Midde M, Pakam R, Kannan S, Bachu L, Naik PK Factors Associated with Late Presentation of HIV and Estimation of Antiretroviral Treatment Need according to CD4 Lymphocyte Count in a Resource-Limited Setting: Data from an HIV Cohort Study i
Alvarez-Uria G, Midde M, Pakam R, Naik PK Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Serum Albumin for Tuberculosis in HIV Infected Patients Eligible for Antiretroviral Therapy: Datafrom an HIV Cohort Study in India. Bioimpacts. 2013;3(3):123-8. doi: 10.5681/bi.
Alvarez-Uria G, Midde M, Pakam R, Naik PK Directly-observed intermittent therapy versus unsupervised daily regimen during the intensive phase of antituberculosis therapy in HIV infected patients. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:937817. doi: 10.1155/2014/937817
Alvarez-Uria G, Midde M, Pakam R, Naik PK Gender differences, routes of transmission, socio-demographic characteristics and prevalence of HIV related infections of adults and children in an HIV cohort from a rural district of India. Infect Dis Rep. 2012
Alvarez-Uria G, Midde M, Pakam R, Naik PK Initial Antituberculous Regimen with Better Drug Penetration into Cerebrospinal Fluid Reduces Mortality in HIV Infected Patients with Tuberculous Meningitis: Data from an HIV Observational Cohort Study. Tuberc Re
Alvarez-Uria G, Midde M, Pakam R, Naik PK Predictors of attrition in patients ineligible for antiretroviral therapy after being diagnosed with HIV: data from an HIV cohort study in India. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:858023. doi: 10.1155/2013/858023. Epub 2
Alvarez-Uria G, Midde M, Pakam R, Yalla PS, Naik PK, Reddy R Short-Course Induction Treatment with Intrathecal Amphotericin B Lipid Emulsion for HIV Infected Patients with Cryptococcal Meningitis. J Trop Med. 2015;2015:864271. doi: 10.1155/2015/864271. E
Alvarez-Uria G, Naik PK, Midde M, Kannan S, Reddy R False negative HIV antibody test in HIV infected children who receive early antiretroviral treatment in a resource-limited setting. Infect Dis Rep. 2012 Jan 4;4(1):e6. doi: 10.4081/idr.2012.e6. eCollect
Alvarez-Uria G, Naik PK, Midde M, Pakam R Mortality and Loss to Follow up Before Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-Infected Children Eligible for HIV Treatment. Infect Dis Rep. 2014 May 13;6(2):5167. doi: 10.4081/idr.2014.5167. eCollection 2
Alvarez-Uria G, Naik PK, Midde M, Pakam R Predictors of delayed entry into medical care of children diagnosed with HIV infection: data from an HIV cohort study in India. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013 Nov 14;2013:737620. doi: 10.1155/2013/737620. eCollecti
Alvarez-Uria G, Naik PK, Midde M, Pakam R Predictors of loss to follow-up after engagement in care of HIV-infected children ineligible for antiretroviral therapy in an HIV cohort study in India. Germs. 2014 Mar 3;4(1):9-15. doi: 10.11599/germs.2014.1049.
Alvarez-Uria G, Naik PK, Pakam R, Bachu L, Midde M Natural History and Factors Associated with Early and Delayed Mortality in HIV-Infected Patients Treated of Tuberculosis under Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course Strategy: A Prospective Cohort Stud
Alvarez-Uria G, Naik PK, Pakam R, Midde M Early HIV viral load determination after initiating first-line antiretroviral therapy for indentifying patients with high risk of developing virological failure: data from a cohort study in a resource-limited set
Alvarez-Uria G, Naik PK, Pakam R, Midde M Factors associated with attrition, mortality, and loss to follow up after antiretroviral therapy initiation: data from an HIV cohort study in India. Glob Health Action. 2013 Sep 12;6:21682. doi: 10.3402/gha.v6i0.
Alvarez-Uria G, Pakam R, Midde M, Naik PK Entry, Retention, and Virological Suppression in an HIV Cohort Study in India: Description of the Cascade of Care and Implications for Reducing HIV-Related Mortality in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Interdisc
Alvarez-Uria G, Pakam R, Midde M, Naik PK Incidence and mortality of tuberculosis before and after initiation of antiretroviral therapy: an HIV cohort study in India. J Int AIDS Soc. 2014 Dec 9;17(1):19251. doi: 10.7448/IAS.17.1.19251. eCollection 2014.
Alvarez-Uria G, Pakam R, Midde M, Naik PK Optimal Duration of Daily Antituberculosis Therapy before Switching to DOTS Intermittent Therapy to Reduce Mortality in HIV Infected Patients: A Duration-Response Analysis Using Restricted Cubic Splines. Int Sch
Alvarez-Uria G, Pakam R, Midde M, Naik PK Predictors of delayed antiretroviral therapy initiation, mortality, and loss to followup in HIV infected patients eligible for HIV treatment: data from an HIV cohort study in India. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:8490
Alvarez-Uria G, Pakam R, Midde M, Yalla PS, Naik PK Adding Streptomycin to an Intensified Regimen for Tuberculous Meningitis Improves Survival in HIV-Infected Patients. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2015;2015:535134. doi: 10.1155/2015/535134. Epub 201
Alvarez-Uria G, Pakam R, Naik PK, Midde M Induction with lopinavir-based treatment followed by switch to nevirapine-based regimen versus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-based treatment for first line antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected
Alvarez-Uria G, Reddy R, Reddy S, Naik PK, Midde M Evaluation of a Low-Cost Strategy for Enumerating CD4 Lymphocyte Absolute Count and Percentage Using the FACSCalibur Flow Cytometer in HIV-Infected Patients from a Resource-Limited Setting. ISRN AIDS. 20
Alvarez-Uria G Description of the cascade of care and factors associated with attrition before and after initiating antiretroviral therapy of HIV infected children in a cohort study in India. PeerJ. 2014 Mar 13;2:e304. doi: 10.7717/peerj.304. eCollection
Alvarez-Uria G Factors associated with delayed entry into HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis in a resource-limited setting: Data from a cohort study in India. PeerJ. 2013 Jun 18;1:e90. doi: 10.7717/peerj.90. Print 2013.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
