HIV — The Impact of Structured Exercise on Brain Health in HIV Positive Individuals
Citation(s)
Lee SY, Gallagher D Assessment methods in human body composition. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008 Sep;11(5):566-72. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32830b5f23. Review.
Macintyre NJ, Lorbergs AL Imaging-Based Methods for Non-invasive Assessment of Bone Properties Influenced by Mechanical Loading. Physiother Can. 2012 Spring;64(2):202-15. doi: 10.3138/ptc.2011-08bh.
Malita FM, Karelis AD, Toma E, Rabasa-Lhoret R Effects of different types of exercise on body composition and fat distribution in HIV-infected patients: a brief review. Can J Appl Physiol. 2005 Apr;30(2):233-45. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
