HIV — Comparing Food and Cash Assistance for HIV-Positive Men and Women on Antiretroviral Therapy in Tanzania
Citation(s)
Coates J, Swindale A, Bilinsky P Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for Measurement of Food Access: Indicator Guide. Washington, D.C.: United States Agency for International Development;2007.
Deitchler M, Ballard T, Swindale A, Coates J Introducing a Simple Measure of Household Hunger for Cross-Cultural Use. Washington, D.C.: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance II Project, AED;2011.
Hong S, Nachega J, Jerger L, et al Medication Possession Ratio Predictive of Short-term Virologic and Immunologic Response in Individuals Initiating ART: Namibia. 19th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Seattle 2012.
Swindale A, Bilinsky P Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) for Measurement of Household Food Access: Indicator Guide (v.2). Washington, D.C.: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project, Academy for Educational Development;2006.
Comparing Food and Cash Assistance for HIV-Positive Men and Women on Antiretroviral Therapy in Tanzania
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
