HIV — Women-Focused HIV Prevention in the Western Cape
Citation(s)
Browne FA, Wechsberg WM The intersecting risks of substance use and HIV risk among substance-using South African men and women. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2010 May;23(3):205-9. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e32833864eb. Review.
Johnson JE, Carney T, Kline T, Browne FA, Wechsberg WM Incarceration history relative to health, substance use, and violence in a sample of vulnerable South African women: implications for health services in criminal justice settings. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2012 Jan 28;3(Suppl 1):59-69. doi: 10.2147/SAR.S21351. eCollection 2012.
Myers B, Kline TL, Browne FA, Carney T, Parry C, Johnson K, Wechsberg WM Ethnic differences in alcohol and drug use and related sexual risks for HIV among vulnerable women in Cape Town, South Africa: implications for interventions. BMC Public Health. 2013 Feb 26;13:174. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-174.
Myers B, Kline TL, Doherty IA, Carney T, Wechsberg WM Perceived need for substance use treatment among young women from disadvantaged communities in Cape Town, South Africa. BMC Psychiatry. 2014 Apr 4;14:100. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-14-100.
Reed E, Emanuel AN, Myers B, Johnson K, Wechsberg WM The relevance of social contexts and social action in reducing substance use and victimization among women participating in an HIV prevention intervention in Cape Town, South Africa. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2013 Jun 28;4:55-64. doi: 10.2147/SAR.S45961. eCollection 2013.
Reed E, Myers B, Novak SP, Browne FA, Wechsberg WM Experiences of violence and association with decreased drug abstinence among women in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS Behav. 2015 Jan;19(1):192-8. doi: 10.1007/s10461-014-0820-1.
Wechsberg WM, Browne FA, Ellerson RM, Zule WA Adapting the evidence-based Women's CoOp intervention to prevent human immunodeficiency virus infection in North Carolina and international settings. N C Med J. 2010 Sep-Oct;71(5):477-81.
Zule W, Myers B, Carney T, Novak SP, McCormick K, Wechsberg WM Alcohol and drug use outcomes among vulnerable women living with HIV: results from the Western Cape Women's Health CoOp. AIDS Care. 2014;26(12):1494-9. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2014.933769. Epub 2014 Jul 21.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
