HIV Infections — Family Centered Advanced Care Planning for Adolescents With HIV/AIDS and Their Families
Citation(s)
Garvie PA, He J, Wang J, D'Angelo LJ, Lyon ME An exploratory survey of end-of-life attitudes, beliefs, and experiences of adolescents with HIV/AIDS and their families. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2012 Sep;44(3):373-85.e29. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.09.022. Epub 2012 Jul 7.
Lyon ME, Garvie PA, Briggs L, He J, Malow R, D'Angelo LJ, McCarter R Is it safe? Talking to teens with HIV/AIDS about death and dying: a 3-month evaluation of Family Centered Advance Care (FACE) planning - anxiety, depression, quality of life. HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2010;2:27-37. Epub 2010 Feb 18.
Lyon ME, Garvie PA, Briggs L, He J, McCarter R, D'Angelo LJ Development, feasibility, and acceptability of the Family/Adolescent-Centered (FACE) Advance Care Planning intervention for adolescents with HIV. J Palliat Med. 2009 Apr;12(4):363-72. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2008.0261.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
