HIV/AIDS — Testing an Integrated Bio-Behavioral Primary HIV Prevention Intervention Among High-Risk People Who Use Drugs
Citation(s)
Avants SK, Margolin A, Usubiaga MH, Doebrick C Targeting HIV-related outcomes with intravenous drug users maintained on methadone: a randomized clinical trial of a harm reduction group therapy. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2004 Mar;26(2):67-78. doi: 10.1016/S0740-5472(03)00159-4.
Copenhaver MM, Lee IC, Baldwin P A randomized controlled trial of the community-friendly health recovery program (CHRP) among high-risk drug users in treatment. AIDS Behav. 2013 Nov;17(9):2902-13. doi: 10.1007/s10461-013-0539-4.
Copenhaver MM, Lee IC, Margolin A Successfully integrating an HIV risk reduction intervention into a community-based substance abuse treatment program. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2007;33(1):109-20. doi: 10.1080/00952990601087463.
Huedo-Medina TB, Shrestha R, Copenhaver M Modeling a Theory-Based Approach to Examine the Influence of Neurocognitive Impairment on HIV Risk Reduction Behaviors Among Drug Users in Treatment. AIDS Behav. 2016 Aug;20(8):1646-57. doi: 10.1007/s10461-016-1394-x.
Shrestha R, Altice F, Karki P, Copenhaver M Developing an Integrated, Brief Biobehavioral HIV Prevention Intervention for High-Risk Drug Users in Treatment: The Process and Outcome of Formative Research. Front Immunol. 2017 May 11;8:561. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00561. eCollection 2017.
Shrestha R, Altice FL, Huedo-Medina TB, Karki P, Copenhaver M Willingness to Use Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): An Empirical Test of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model among High-Risk Drug Users in Treatment. AIDS Behav. 2017 May;21(5):1299-1308. doi: 10.1007/s10461-016-1650-0.
Shrestha R, Karki P, Altice FL, Dubov O, Fraenkel L, Huedo-Medina T, Copenhaver M Measuring Acceptability and Preferences for Implementation of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Using Conjoint Analysis: An Application to Primary HIV Prevention Among High Risk Drug Users. AIDS Behav. 2018 Apr;22(4):1228-1238. doi: 10.1007/s10461-017-1851-1.
Shrestha R, Karki P, Altice FL, Huedo-Medina TB, Meyer JP, Madden L, Copenhaver M Correlates of willingness to initiate pre-exposure prophylaxis and anticipation of practicing safer drug- and sex-related behaviors among high-risk drug users on methadone treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017 Apr 1;173:107-116. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.023. Epub 2017 Feb 2.
Shrestha R, Karki P, Huedo-Medina TB, Copenhaver M Intent to Use Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), HIV Risk Behaviors, and Self-Report Neurocognitive Symptoms by High-Risk Drug Users: A Mediation Analysis. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2017 Jul-Aug;28(4):612-621. doi: 10.1016/j.jana.2017.04.005. Epub 2017 Apr 19.
Testing an Integrated Bio-Behavioral Primary HIV Prevention Intervention Among High-Risk People Who Use Drugs
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
