Hip Dysplasia — Treatment of Developmental Dysplasia of the HIp
Citation(s)
Anuar R, Mohd-Hisyamudin HP, Ahmad MH, Zulkiflee O The Economic Impact of Managing Late Presentation of Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH). Malays Orthop J. 2015 Nov;9(3):40-43. doi: 10.5704/MOJ.1511.006.
Brady RJ, Dean JB, Skinner TM, Gross MT Limb length inequality: clinical implications for assessment and intervention. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003 May;33(5):221-34. Review.
Race C, Herring JA Congenital dislocation of the hip: an evaluation of closed reduction. J Pediatr Orthop. 1983 May;3(2):166-72.
Sarkissian EJ, Sankar WN, Baldwin K, Flynn JM Is there a predilection for breech infants to demonstrate spontaneous stabilization of DDH instability? J Pediatr Orthop. 2014 Jul-Aug;34(5):509-13. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000000134.
Evaluation of Closed Reduction for Treatment of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Children
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
