Hemorrhage — Tourniquet Training Effectiveness Study
Citation(s)
Beaucreux C, Vivien B, Miles E, Ausset S, Pasquier P Application of tourniquet in civilian trauma: Systematic review of the literature. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2018 Jan 5. pii: S2352-5568(17)30265-5. doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2017.11.017. [Epub ahead of print]
Jacobs LM, Burns KJ, Langer G, Kiewiet de Jonge C The Hartford Consensus: A National Survey of the Public Regarding Bleeding Control. J Am Coll Surg. 2016 May;222(5):948-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2016.02.013. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
Kwon AM, Garbett NC, Kloecker GH Pooled preventable death rates in trauma patients : Meta analysis and systematic review since 1990. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2014 Jun;40(3):279-85. doi: 10.1007/s00068-013-0364-5. Epub 2014 Jan 29.
Scerbo MH, Holcomb JB, Taub E, Gates K, Love JD, Wade CE, Cotton BA The trauma center is too late: Major limb trauma without a pre-hospital tourniquet has increased death from hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017 Dec;83(6):1165-1172. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000001666.
Sidwell RA, Spilman SK, Huntsman RS, Pelaez CA Efficient Hemorrhage Control Skills Training for Healthcare Employees. J Am Coll Surg. 2018 Feb;226(2):160-164. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2017.11.003. Epub 2017 Nov 16.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
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Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
