Hemodialysis — Effect of Olive Oil on Erythrocyte Membrane Fatty Acid Contents in Hemodialysis Patients
Citation(s)
An WS, Kim SE, Kim KH, Lee S, Park Y, Kim HJ, Vaziri ND Comparison of fatty acid contents of erythrocyte membrane in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. J Ren Nutr. 2009 Jul;19(4):267-74. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2009.01.027.
An WS, Lee SM, Son YK, Kim SE, Kim KH, Han JY, Bae HR, Park Y Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on the modification of erythrocyte membrane fatty acid content including oleic acid in peritoneal dialysis patients. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2012 Jan-Feb;86(1-2):29-34. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2011.10.009. Epub 2011 Nov 8.
Block RC, Harris WS, Reid KJ, Spertus JA Omega-6 and trans fatty acids in blood cell membranes: a risk factor for acute coronary syndromes? Am Heart J. 2008 Dec;156(6):1117-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.07.014. Epub 2008 Oct 14.
Harris WS, Von Schacky C The Omega-3 Index: a new risk factor for death from coronary heart disease? Prev Med. 2004 Jul;39(1):212-20.
Keith DS, Nichols GA, Gullion CM, Brown JB, Smith DH Longitudinal follow-up and outcomes among a population with chronic kidney disease in a large managed care organization. Arch Intern Med. 2004 Mar 22;164(6):659-63.
Leaf A, Kang JX, Xiao YF, Billman GE Clinical prevention of sudden cardiac death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and mechanism of prevention of arrhythmias by n-3 fish oils. Circulation. 2003 Jun 3;107(21):2646-52. Review.
Lee SM, Chung SH, Park Y, Park MK, Son YK, Kim SE, An WS Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid on the Fatty Acid Content of the Erythrocyte Membrane and Proteinuria in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Endocrinol. 2015;2015:208121. doi: 10.1155/2015/208121. Epub 2015 May 18.
Lee SM, Son YK, Kim SE, An WS The effects of omega-3 fatty acid on vitamin D activation in hemodialysis patients: a pilot study. Mar Drugs. 2015 Jan 28;13(2):741-55. doi: 10.3390/md13020741.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
