Hemodialysis Complication — Impact of Hemodialysis on Plasma Carnitine Levels in Patients With End Stage Renal Disease
Citation(s)
Hamedi-Kalajahi F, Imani H, Mojtahedi S, Shabbidar S Effect of L-Carnitine Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers and Serum Glucose in Hemodialysis Children: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Ren Nutr. 2022 Mar;32(2):144-151. doi: 10.10
Huang H, Song L, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhao W Influence of L-carnitine supplementation on serum lipid profile in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2013;38(1):31-41. doi: 10.1159/000355751. Epub 201
Hurot JM, Cucherat M, Haugh M, Fouque D Effects of L-carnitine supplementation in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a systematic review. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002 Mar;13(3):708-714. doi: 10.1681/ASN.V133708.
Zhu Y, Xue C, Ou J, Xie Z, Deng J Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on renal anemia in patients on hemodialysis: a meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol. 2021 Oct;53(10):2149-2158. doi: 10.1007/s11255-021-02835-5. Epub 2021 Mar 13.
Impact of Hemodialysis on Plasma Carnitine Levels in Patients With End Stage Renal Disease
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
