Heart Failure — Triglyceride-Glucose Index In Heart Failure Patients In Sohag University Hospital
Citation(s)
Davison B, Cotter G Why is heart failure so important in the 21st century? Eur J Heart Fail. 2015 Feb;17(2):122-4. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.219. Epub 2014 Dec 30. No abstract available.
GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020 Oct 17;396(10258):1204-1222. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9. Erratum In: Lancet. 2020 Nov 14;396(10262):1562.
Miller M, Seidler A, Moalemi A, Pearson TA Normal triglyceride levels and coronary artery disease events: the Baltimore Coronary Observational Long-Term Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998 May;31(6):1252-7. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00083-7.
Shaye K, Amir T, Shlomo S, Yechezkel S Fasting glucose levels within the high normal range predict cardiovascular outcome. Am Heart J. 2012 Jul;164(1):111-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2012.03.023.
Triglyceride-Glucose Index In Heart Failure Patients In Sohag University Hospital
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
