Heart Failure — Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Functional Capacity in Patients With Heart Failure.
Citation(s)
Arena R, Cahalin LP, Borghi-Silva A, Phillips SA Improving functional capacity in heart failure: the need for a multifaceted approach. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2014 Sep;29(5):467-74. doi: 10.1097/HCO.0000000000000092. Review.
Dall'Ago P, Chiappa GR, Guths H, Stein R, Ribeiro JP Inspiratory muscle training in patients with heart failure and inspiratory muscle weakness: a randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006 Feb 21;47(4):757-63. Epub 2006 Jan 26.
de Abreu RM, Rehder-Santos P, Minatel V, Dos Santos GL, Catai AM Effects of inspiratory muscle training on cardiovascular autonomic control: A systematic review. Auton Neurosci. 2017 Dec;208:29-35. doi: 10.1016/j.autneu.2017.09.002. Epub 2017 Sep 7. Review.
Sadek Z, Salami A, Joumaa WH, Awada C, Ahmaidi S, Ramadan W Best mode of inspiratory muscle training in heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2018 Nov;25(16):1691-1701. doi: 10.1177/2047487318792315. Epub 2018 Aug 3.
Winkelmann ER, Chiappa GR, Lima CO, Viecili PR, Stein R, Ribeiro JP Addition of inspiratory muscle training to aerobic training improves cardiorespiratory responses to exercise in patients with heart failure and inspiratory muscle weakness. Am Heart J. 2009 Nov;158(5):768.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2009.09.005. Epub 2009 Oct 2.
Zeren M, Demir R, Yigit Z, Gurses HN Effects of inspiratory muscle training on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2016 Dec;30(12):1165-1174. Epub 2016 Jan 27.
Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Functional Capacity in Patients With Heart Failure
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
