Heart Failure — REmoTe TelenURsiNg on Lung Function of Heart Failure Outpatients
Citation(s)
Riley JP, Gabe JP, Cowie MR Does telemonitoring in heart failure empower patients for self-care? A qualitative study. J Clin Nurs. 2013 Sep;22(17-18):2444-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04294.x. Epub 2012 Nov 27.
Rodríguez-Gázquez Mde L, Arredondo-Holguín E, Herrera-Cortés R Effectiveness of an educational program in nursing in the self-care of patients with heart failure: randomized controlled trial. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2012 Mar-Apr;20(2):296-306. English, Portuguese, Spanish.
Effectiveness of Telenursing Program on Lung Function of Heart Failure Patients: a Randomized Clinical Trial Protocol
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
