Heart Diseases — Improving Sternal Healing After Cardiac Surgery: Sternal Wire vs ZIPFIX
Citation(s)
Grapow MT, Melly LF, Eckstein FS, Reuthebuch OT A new cable-tie based sternal closure system: description of the device, technique of implantation and first clinical evaluation. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2012 Jun 25;7:59. doi: 10.1186/1749-8090-7-59.
Losanoff JE, Basson MD, Gruber SA, Huff H, Hsieh FH Single wire versus double wire loops for median sternotomy closure: experimental biomechanical study using a human cadaveric model. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007 Oct;84(4):1288-93.
Stelly MM, Rodning CB, Stelly TC Reduction in deep sternal wound infection with use of a peristernal cable-tie closure system: a retrospective case series. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2015 Nov 14;10:166. doi: 10.1186/s13019-015-0378-7.
Improving Sternal Healing After Cardiac Surgery: Sternal Wire vs ZIPFIX
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
