Hearing Impairment — CROS and Quality of Life of Elderly Cochlear Implant Recipients and Their Care Givers
Citation(s)
Agrawal S (2008) Spatial hearing abilities in adults with bilateral cochlear implants. PhD diss., University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Ching TY, Incerti P, Hill M, van Wanrooy E An overview of binaural advantages for children and adults who use binaural/bimodal hearing devices. Audiol Neurootol. 2006;11 Suppl 1:6-11. Epub 2006 Oct 6.
Dorman MF, Gifford RH Combining acoustic and electric stimulation in the service of speech recognition. Int J Audiol. 2010 Dec;49(12):912-9. doi: 10.3109/14992027.2010.509113. Epub 2010 Sep 27.
Dunn CC, Tyler RS, Witt S, Ji H, Gantz BJ Sequential bilateral cochlear implantation: speech perception and localization pre- and post-second cochlear implantation. Am J Audiol. 2012 Dec;21(2):181-9. doi: 10.1044/1059-0889(2012/12-0004). Epub 2012 Jul 30.
Dunn CC, Tyler RS, Witt SA Benefit of wearing a hearing aid on the unimplanted ear in adult users of a cochlear implant. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2005 Jun;48(3):668-80.
Härkönen K, Kivekäs I, Rautiainen M, Kotti V, Sivonen V, Vasama JP Sequential bilateral cochlear implantation improves working performance, quality of life, and quality of hearing. Acta Otolaryngol. 2015 May;135(5):440-6. doi: 10.3109/00016489.2014.990056. Epub 2015 Feb 13.
Illg A, Bojanowicz M, Lesinski-Schiedat A, Lenarz T, Büchner A Evaluation of the bimodal benefit in a large cohort of cochlear implant subjects using a contralateral hearing aid. Otol Neurotol. 2014 Oct;35(9):e240-4. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000529.
Reeder RM, Firszt JB, Holden LK, Strube MJ A longitudinal study in adults with sequential bilateral cochlear implants: time course for individual ear and bilateral performance. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2014 Jun 1;57(3):1108-26. doi: 10.1044/2014_JSLHR-H-13-0087.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
