Healthy — Effects of Left Nostril Breathing in Young Females Having Cardiovascular Hyper Reactivity to Cold Pressor Test.
Citation(s)
Bargal S, Nalgirkar V, Patil A, Langade D Evaluation of the Effect of Left Nostril Breathing on Cardiorespiratory Parameters and Reaction Time in Young Healthy Individuals. Cureus. 2022 Feb 18;14(2):e22351. doi: 10.7759/cureus.22351. eCollection 2022 Feb.
Jain N, Srivastava RD, Singhal A The effects of right and left nostril breathing on cardiorespiratory and autonomic parameters. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Oct-Dec;49(4):469-74.
Shah N, Shah Q, Shah AJ The burden and high prevalence of hypertension in Pakistani adolescents: a meta-analysis of the published studies. Arch Public Health. 2018 Apr 2;76:20. doi: 10.1186/s13690-018-0265-5. eCollection 2018.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
