Healthy — Effects of an Interactive E-book to Enhance Nursing Skill
Citation(s)
Hsiao CC, Tiao MM, Chen CC Using interactive multimedia e-Books for learning blood cell morphology in pediatric hematology. BMC Med Educ. 2016 Nov 14;16(1):290.
Liu Y, Chou PL, Lee BO Effect of an interactive e-book on nursing students' electrocardiogram-related learning achievement: A quasi-experimental design. Nurse Educ Today. 2020 Apr 10;90:104427. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104427. [Epub ahead of print]
Payne KF, Goodson AM, Tahim A, Wharrad HJ, Fan K Using the iBook in medical education and healthcare settings--the iBook as a reusable learning object; a report of the author's experience using iBooks Author software. J Vis Commun Med. 2012 Dec;35(4):162-9. doi: 10.3109/17453054.2012.747173.
Stirling A, Birt J An enriched multimedia eBook application to facilitate learning of anatomy. Anat Sci Educ. 2014 Jan-Feb;7(1):19-27. doi: 10.1002/ase.1373. Epub 2013 May 6.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
