Healthy — Amino Acid Profile and Muscle Protein Synthetic Response to Consuming Meat or Plant-based Alternatives
Citation(s)
Baar K, Esser K Phosphorylation of p70(S6k) correlates with increased skeletal muscle mass following resistance exercise. Am J Physiol. 1999 Jan;276(1):C120-7. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.1999.276.1.C120.
Tang JE, Moore DR, Kujbida GW, Tarnopolsky MA, Phillips SM Ingestion of whey hydrolysate, casein, or soy protein isolate: effects on mixed muscle protein synthesis at rest and following resistance exercise in young men. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009 Sep;107(3):987-92. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00076.2009. Epub 2009 Jul 9.
van Vliet S, Burd NA, van Loon LJ The Skeletal Muscle Anabolic Response to Plant- versus Animal-Based Protein Consumption. J Nutr. 2015 Sep;145(9):1981-91. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.204305. Epub 2015 Jul 29. Review.
Witard OC, McGlory C, Hamilton DL, Phillips SM Growing older with health and vitality: a nexus of physical activity, exercise and nutrition. Biogerontology. 2016 Jun;17(3):529-46. doi: 10.1007/s10522-016-9637-9. Epub 2016 Feb 15. Review.
Wolfson RL, Sabatini DM The Dawn of the Age of Amino Acid Sensors for the mTORC1 Pathway. Cell Metab. 2017 Aug 1;26(2):301-309. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.001. Review.
Amino Acid Profile and Muscle Protein Synthetic Response to Consuming Meat or Plant-based Alternatives
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
