Fani M, Ebrahimi S, Ghanbari A Evaluation of scapular mobilization and comparison to pectoralis minor stretching in individuals with rounded shoulder posture: A randomized controlled trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020 Oct;24(4):367-372. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.07.021. Epub 2020 Jul 30.
Kim MS, Cha YJ, Choi JD Correlation between forward head posture, respiratory functions, and respiratory accessory muscles in young adults. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2017 Aug 3;30(4):711-715. doi: 10.3233/BMR-140253.
Tomruk M, Keles E, Ozalevli S, Alpaydin AO Effects of thoracic kinesio taping on pulmonary functions, respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial. Explore (NY). 2020 Sep-Oct;16(5):332-338. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2019.08.018. Epub 2019 Sep 18.
Effect of Kinesio Taping on Pulmonary Function and Forward Shoulder Posture of Young Adults
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
