Healthy Volunteers — Investigate the Change in Facial Pain Threshold During Auricular Acupuncture in Healthy Volunteers
Citation(s)
Ahn C B., S. J. Lee, J. C. Lee, J. P. Fossion, A. Sant'Ana. A clinical pilot study comparing traditional acupuncture to combined acupuncture for treating headache, trigeminal neuralgia and retro-auricular pain in facial palsy. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2011;4(1): 29-43. 2011. De Salles-Neto F. T., J. S. de Paula, Jgaj Romero, C. M. Almeida-Leite. Acupuncture for pain, mandibular function and oral health-related quality of life in patients with masticatory myofascial pain: A randomised controlled trial. J Oral Rehabil. 2020;47(10): 1193-1201. Hou P. W., H. C. Hsu, Y. W. Lin, N. Y. Tang, C. Y. Cheng, C. L. Hsieh. The History, Mechanism, and Clinical Application of Auricular Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:495684. Iunes D. H., C. Chaves Éde, C. Moura Cde, B. Côrrea, L. C. Carvalho, A. M. Silva, et al. Role of Auriculotherapy in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders with Anxiety in University Students. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:430143. Oliveri A. C., J. A. Clelland, J. Jackson, C. Knowles. Effects of auricular transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on experimental pain threshold. Phys Ther. 1986 Jan;66(1):12-6. Kaniusas E., S. Kampusch, M. Tittgemeyer, F. Panetsos, R. F. Gines, M. Papa, et al. Current Directions in the Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation I - A Physiological Perspective. Front Neurosci. 2019 Aug 9;13:854.
Investigate the Change in Facial Pain Threshold During Auricular Acupuncture in Healthy Volunteers: A Pilot Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
