Healthy Obesity, Metabolically — Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Testing in Healthy Population
Citation(s)
Astorino TA, White AC, Dalleck LC Supramaximal testing to confirm attainment of VO2max in sedentary men and women. Int J Sports Med. 2009 Apr;30(4):279-84. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1104588. Epub 2009 Feb 6.
Bhammar DM, Stickford JL, Bernhardt V, Babb TG Verification of Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Obese and Nonobese Children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017 Apr;49(4):702-710. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001170.
Löllgen H, Leyk D Exercise Testing in Sports Medicine. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2018 Jun 15;115(24):409-416. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0409. Review.
Mezzani A Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: Basics of Methodology and Measurements. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017 Jul;14(Supplement_1):S3-S11. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201612-997FR. Review.
Schaun GZ The Maximal Oxygen Uptake Verification Phase: a Light at the End of the Tunnel? Sports Med Open. 2017 Dec 8;3(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s40798-017-0112-1. Review.
Protocols Adjustments for Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Testing in Healthy Population
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
