Health — Analysis of Human Tissue Temperature After Application of Therapeutic Modalities.
Citation(s)
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Draper DO, Knight K, Fujiwara T, Castel JC Temperature change in human muscle during and after pulsed short-wave diathermy. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1999 Jan;29(1):13-8; discussion 19-22.
Draper DO, Miner L, Knight KL, Ricard MD The Carry-Over Effects of Diathermy and Stretching in Developing Hamstring Flexibility. J Athl Train. 2002 Mar;37(1):37-42.
Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007 May;39(2):175-91.
Garrett CL, Draper DO, Knight KL Heat distribution in the lower leg from pulsed short-wave diathermy and ultrasound treatments. J Athl Train. 2000 Jan;35(1):50-5.
Hawkes AR, Draper DO, Johnson AW, Diede MT, Rigby JH Heating capacity of rebound shortwave diathermy and moist hot packs at superficial depths. J Athl Train. 2013 Jul-Aug;48(4):471-6. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-48.3.04. Epub 2013 Mar 19.
Peres SE, Draper DO, Knight KL, Ricard MD Pulsed Shortwave Diathermy and Prolonged Long-Duration Stretching Increase Dorsiflexion Range of Motion More Than Identical Stretching Without Diathermy. J Athl Train. 2002 Mar;37(1):43-50.
Coplanar Arrangement of Shortwave Diathermy is the Most Efficient in Skin Temperature Change: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
