Ford ME, Sterba KR, Armeson K, Malek AM, Knight KD, Zapka J Factors Influencing Adherence to Recommended Colorectal Cancer Surveillance: Experiences and Behaviors of Colorectal Cancer Survivors. J Cancer Educ. 2019 Oct;34(5):938-949. doi: 10.1007/s13187-018-1398-5.
Leon AC, Davis LL, Kraemer HC The role and interpretation of pilot studies in clinical research. J Psychiatr Res. 2011 May;45(5):626-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.10.008. Epub 2010 Oct 28.
Nekhlyudov L, Walker R, Ziebell R, Rabin B, Nutt S, Chubak J Cancer survivors' experiences with insurance, finances, and employment: results from a multisite study. J Cancer Surviv. 2016 Dec;10(6):1104-1111. doi: 10.1007/s11764-016-0554-3. Epub 2016 Jun 9.
Rice DR, Farooq A, Hyer JM, Paredes AZ, Bae J, Tsilimigras DI, Pawlik TM Health expenditures and financial burden among patients with major gastrointestinal cancers relative to other common cancers in the United States. Surgery. 2020 Jun;167(6):985-990. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.02.029. Epub 2020 Apr 15.
Sharp L, O'Leary E, O'Ceilleachair A, Skally M, Hanly P Financial Impact of Colorectal Cancer and Its Consequences: Associations Between Cancer-Related Financial Stress and Strain and Health-Related Quality of Life. Dis Colon Rectum. 2018 Jan;61(1):27-35. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000923.
A Virtual Health Insurance Navigation for Colorectal Survivors
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
