Health Behavior — How Environmental Interventions Influence Behavior in School Lunchrooms
Citation(s)
Hanks AS, Just DR, Smith LE, Wansink B Healthy convenience: nudging students toward healthier choices in the lunchroom. J Public Health (Oxf). 2012 Aug;34(3):370-6. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fds003. Epub 2012 Jan 31.
Hanks AS, Just DR, Wansink B Smarter lunchrooms can address new school lunchroom guidelines and childhood obesity. J Pediatr. 2013 Apr;162(4):867-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.12.031. Epub 2013 Feb 22.
Hanks AS, Wansink B, Just DR Reliability and accuracy of real-time visualization techniques for measuring school cafeteria tray waste: validating the quarter-waste method. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2014 Mar;114(3):470-474. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.08.013. Epub 2013 Oct 14.
Wansink B, Just DR, Hanks AS, Smith LE Pre-sliced fruit in school cafeterias: children's selection and intake. Am J Prev Med. 2013 May;44(5):477-80. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.02.003.
Evaluating the Impact on Lunch Sales and Consumption of New School Lunch Guidelines and Behavioral Interventions in NYC Schools
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
