Head Trauma — Infant Minor Head Trauma Clinical Decision Rule
Citation(s)
Bressan S, Romanato S, Mion T, Zanconato S, Da Dalt L Implementation of adapted PECARN decision rule for children with minor head injury in the pediatric emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2012 Jul;19(7):801-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2012.01384.x. Epub 2012 Jun 22.
Greenes DS, Schutzman SA Clinical indicators of intracranial injury in head-injured infants. Pediatrics. 1999 Oct;104(4 Pt 1):861-7.
Jehlé E, Honnart D, Grasleguen C, et al Comité de pilotage. Minor head injury (Glasgow Coma Score 13 to 15): triage, assessment, investigation and early management of minor head injury in infants, children and adults. Ann Fr Med Urg 2012;2:199-214
Schonfeld D, Bressan S, Da Dalt L, Henien MN, Winnett JA, Nigrovic LE Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network head injury clinical prediction rules are reliable in practice. Arch Dis Child. 2014 May;99(5):427-31. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-305004. Epub 2014 Jan 15.
Performance of a Minor Head Trauma Clinical Decision Rule Dedicated to Children Younger Than Two Years: A National Prospective Multicenter Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
