Hand Rheumatism — Application of MRI for Musculoskeletal Involvement in SLE
Citation(s)
Ball EM, Bell AL Lupus arthritis--do we have a clinically useful classification? Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 May;51(5):771-9. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker381. Epub 2011 Dec 15. Review.
Boutry N, Hachulla E, Flipo RM, Cortet B, Cotten A MR imaging findings in hands in early rheumatoid arthritis: comparison with those in systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjögren syndrome. Radiology. 2005 Aug;236(2):593-600. Epub 2005 Jun 21.
Haavardsholm EA, Østergaard M, Ejbjerg BJ, Kvan NP, Kvien TK Introduction of a novel magnetic resonance imaging tenosynovitis score for rheumatoid arthritis: reliability in a multireader longitudinal study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007 Sep;66(9):1216-20. Epub 2007 Mar 28.
Tani C, D'Aniello D, Possemato N, Delle Sedie A, Caramella D, Bombardieri S, Mosca M MRI pattern of arthritis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparative study with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy subjects. Skeletal Radiol. 2015 Feb;44(2):261-6. doi: 10.1007/s00256-014-2033-0. Epub 2014 Oct 24. Erratum in: Skeletal Radiol. 2015 Feb;44(2):267. Chiara, Tani [corrected to Tani, Chiara]; Dario, D'aniello [corrected to D’Aniello, Dario]; Niccolò, Possemato [corrected to Possemato, Niccolò]; Andrea, Delle Sedie [corrected to Delle Sedie, Andrea]; Davide, Caramella [corrected to Caramella, Davide].
Application of MRI for Inflammatory Musculoskeletal Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erithematosus (SLE)
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
