GVHD — Immune Monitoring After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Citation(s)
Anderson BE, McNiff JM, Jain D, Blazar BR, Shlomchik WD, Shlomchik MJ Distinct roles for donor- and host-derived antigen-presenting cells and costimulatory molecules in murine chronic graft-versus-host disease: requirements depend on target organ. Blood. 2005 Mar 1;105(5):2227-34. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-08-3032. Epub 2004 Nov 2.
Arpinati M, Chirumbolo G, Marzocchi G, Baccarani M, Rondelli D Increased donor CD86+CD14+ cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease. Transplantation. 2008 Jun 27;85(12):1826-32. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181788a84.
D' Asaro M, Salerno A, Dieli F, Caccamo N Analysis of memory and effector CD8+ T cell subsets in chronic graft-versus-host disease. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2009 Jan-Mar;22(1):195-205. doi: 10.1177/039463200902200122.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
