2 6-References : 1. Lewis Gs, Armstrong AD. glenoid spherical orientation and version. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2011 ; 20 : 3-11. 2. Rockwood C, Matsen FAI, Wirth M, lippitt S. the shoulder. in : saunders elsevier, Philadelphia, 2009 ; 4th ed. : 333-380. 3. Van noort A. scapular fractures. in : rockwood and green's Fractures in adults. (eds. Bucholz rW, CourtBrown Cm, Heckman JD, tornetta P). Wolters Kluwer, Philadelphia, 2010 ; 7th ed : 1144-1164. 4. Jeray Kj, Cole PA. Clavicle and scapula fracture problems : functional assessment and current treatment strategies. Instr Course Lect 2011 ; 60 : 51-71. 5. Van noort A. scapular fractures. in : rockwood and green's Fractures in adults. (eds. Bucholz rW, CourtBrown Cm, Heckman JD, tornetta P). Wolters Kluwer, Philadelphia, 2010 ; 7th ed : 1144-1164. 6. Voleti PB, Namdari S, Mehta S. Fractures of the scapula. Adv Orthop. 2012;2012:1-7. doi: 10.1155/2012/903850. 7. van Oostveen, D. P. H., Temmerman, O. P. P., Burger, B. J., van Noort, A. & Robinson, M. Glenoid fractures: a review of pathology, classification, treatment and results. Acta Orthop Belg 80, 88-98 (2014). 8. Zlowodzki M, Bhandari M, Zelle BA, Kregor PJ, Cole PA. Treatment of scapula fractures: systematic review of 520 fractures in 22 case series. J Orthop Trauma. 2006;20:230-233. doi: 10.1097/00005131-200603000-00013. 9. Jaeger M, et al. The AO Foundation and Orthopaedic trauma association (AO/OTA) scapula fracture classification system: focus on glenoid fossa involvement. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2013;22:512-520. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2012.08.003. 10. Audige L, Kellam JF, Lambert S, et al. The AO Foundation and Orthopedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA ) scapula fracture classification system: focus in body involvement. J Shoulder Elbow surg. 2014 Feb;23 (2) :189-196. 11. Harvey E, Audige L, Herscovici D, Jr, et al. Development and validation of the new international classification for scapula fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2012 Jun;26 (6) : 364-369. 12. Jaeger M, Lambert S, Sudkamp NP, et al. The AO Foundation and Orthopedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA ) scapula fracture classification system: focus in body involvement. J Shoulder Elbow surg. 2013 Apr; 22 (4) :512-520. 13. Bahk Ms, Kuhn j e, Galatz lM, Connor pM, Williams Gr jr. acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular injuries and clavicular, glenoid, and scapular fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009 ; 91 : 2492-2510 14. Osti M, Gohm A, Benedetto Kp. results of open reconstruction of anterior glenoid rim fractures following shoulder dislocation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2009 ; 129 : 1245-1249. 15. Peter Cole, Steven R. Fractures of the Clavicle, Scapula, and Glenoid .AAOS .2014; 28:6-7.
Evaluation of Internal Fixation Of Glenoid Fractures
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
