Geographic Atrophy — Evolution and Risk Factors Associated With Geographic Atrophy Progression
Citation(s)
Biarnés M, Forero CG, Arias L, Alonso J, Monés J Reappraisal of geographic atrophy patterns seen on fundus autofluorescence using a latent class analysis approach. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Nov 18;55(12):8302-8. doi: 10.1167/iovs.13-13542.
Biarnés M, Monés J, Trindade F, Alonso J, Arias L Intra and interobserver agreement in the classification of fundus autofluorescence patterns in geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012 Apr;
Monés J, Biarnés M, Trindade F, Arias L, Alonso J Optical coherence tomography assessment of apparent foveal swelling in patients with foveal sparing secondary to geographic atrophy. Ophthalmology. 2013 Apr;120(4):829-36. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.09.05
Monés J, Biarnés M, Trindade F Hyporeflective wedge-shaped band in geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration: an underreported finding. Ophthalmology. 2012 Jul;119(7):1412-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.01.026. Epub 2012 Mar 21.
Characterization of Geographic Atrophy Progression in Patients With Age-related Macular Degeneration
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
