Gastrointestinal Neoplasm — Traction vs. No Traction in Colonic ESD
Citation(s)
Burgess NG, Bassan MS, McLeod D, Williams SJ, Byth K, Bourke MJ Deep mural injury and perforation after colonic endoscopic mucosal resection: a new classification and analysis of risk factors. Gut. 2017 Oct;66(10):1779-1789. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309848. Epub 2016 Jul 27.
Nagata M Usefulness of underwater endoscopic submucosal dissection in saline solution with a monopolar knife for colorectal tumors (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2018 May;87(5):1345-1353. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2017.11.032. Epub 2017 Dec 12.
Othman MO, Jawaid SA, Rungta M, Sur N, Dhingra S Double-balloon endolumenal intervention platform with flexible grasper to expedite colonic endoscopic submucosal dissection. VideoGIE. 2020 Dec 26;6(3):144-146. doi: 10.1016/j.vgie.2020.11.014. eCollection 2021 Mar. No abstract available.
Tanaka S, Terasaki M, Kanao H, Oka S, Chayama K Current status and future perspectives of endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal tumors. Dig Endosc. 2012 May;24 Suppl 1:73-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1443-1661.2012.01252.x.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
