Gastric Cancer — Prognostic Values of Inflammation-based Indices in Gastric Cancer
Citation(s)
Crumley AB, McMillan DC, McKernan M, Going JJ, Shearer CJ, Stuart RC An elevated C-reactive protein concentration, prior to surgery, predicts poor cancer-specific survival in patients undergoing resection for gastro-oesophageal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2006 Jun 5;94(11):1568-71.
Crumley AB, Stuart RC, McKernan M, Going JJ, Shearer CJ, McMillan DC Comparison of pre-treatment clinical prognostic factors in patients with gastro-oesophageal cancer and proposal of a new staging system. J Gastrointest Surg. 2010 May;14(5):781-7. doi: 10.1007/s11605-010-1162-6. Epub 2010 Feb 11.
Dutta S, Crumley AB, Fullarton GM, Horgan PG, McMillan DC Comparison of the prognostic value of tumour and patient related factors in patients undergoing potentially curative resection of gastric cancer. Am J Surg. 2012 Sep;204(3):294-9. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2011.10.015. Epub 2012 Mar 22.
Wen J, Bedford M, Begum R, Mitchell H, Hodson J, Whiting J, Griffiths E The value of inflammation based prognostic scores in patients undergoing surgical resection for oesophageal and gastric carcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 2018 Jun;117(8):1697-1707. doi: 10.1002/jso.25057. Epub 2018 May 14.
Comparison of the Prognostic Values of Preoperative Inflammation-based Indices in Patients Undergoing Resection of Gastric Cancer
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
