Gambling — Topiramate on Gambling-Related Behaviours
Citation(s)
Arnone D Review of the use of Topiramate for treatment of psychiatric disorders. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Feb 16;4(1):5.
Berlant JL Prospective open-label study of add-on and monotherapy topiramate in civilians with chronic nonhallucinatory posttraumatic stress disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2004 Aug 18;4:24.
Blaszczynski A, Nower L A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling. Addiction. 2002 May;97(5):487-99. Review.
Dannon PN Topiramate for the treatment of kleptomania: a case series and review of the literature. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2003 Jan-Feb;26(1):1-4. Review.
Grant JE, Kim SW, Potenza MN Advances in the pharmacological treatment of pathological gambling. J Gambl Stud. 2003 Spring;19(1):85-109. Review.
Johnson BA, Ait-Daoud N, Akhtar FZ, Ma JZ Oral topiramate reduces the consequences of drinking and improves the quality of life of alcohol-dependent individuals: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004 Sep;61(9):905-12.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
