Gait — The Effect of Lower Limb Deformities (LLD) on Children's Gait and on Energy Expenditure
Citation(s)
Carmeli E, Beiker R, Maor M, Kodesh E Increased iNOS, MMP-2, and HSP-72 in skeletal muscle following high-intensity exercise training. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2010;21(2):127-46. Horowitz M, Kodesh E. Molecular Signals That Shape the Integrative Responses of the Heat Acclimated Phenotype.Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 Apr 16. Carmeli E, Maor M, Kodesh E. Expression of superoxide dismutase and matrix metalloproteinase type 2 in diaphragm muscles of young rats.J Physiol Pharmacol. 2009 Nov;60 Suppl 5:31-6. Kodesh E, Horowitz M.Soleus adaptation to combined exercise and heat acclimation: physiogenomic aspects.Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 May;42(5):943-52. Carmeli E, Kodesh E, Nemcovsky C. Tetracycline therapy for muscle atrophy due to immobilization. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2009 Apr- Jun;9(2):81-8. Bodell PW, Kodesh E,Haddad F, Zaldivar FP, Cooper DM, Adams GR. Skeletal muscle growth in young rats is inhibited by chronic exposure to IL-6 but preserved by concurrent voluntary endurance exercise.J Appl Physiol. 2009 Feb;106(2):443-53 Horowitz M, Eli-Berchoer L,Wapinski I, Friedman N, Kodesh E.Stress-related genomic responses during the course of heat acclimation and its association with ischemic-reperfusion cross-tolerance.J Appl Physiol. 2004 Oct;97(4):1496-507. Wolach B, Falk B, Gavrieli R, Kodesh E, Eliakim A. Br J Sports. Neutrophil function response to aerobic and anaerobic exercise in female judoka and untrained subjects. Med. 2000 Feb;34(1):23-8. Wolach B, Eliakim A, Gavrieli R, Kodesh E, Yarom Y, Schlesinger M, Falk B. Aspects of leukocyte function and the complement system following aerobic exercisein young female gymnasts. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1998 Apr;8(2):91-7. Eliakim A, Wolach B, Kodesh E, Gavrieli R, Radnay J, Ben-Tovim T, Yarom Y, Falk B.Cellular and humoral immune response to exercise among gymnasts and untrained girls. Int J Sports Med. 1997 Apr;18(3):208-12.
The Effect of Lower Limb Deformities (LLD) on Children's Gait and on Energy Expenditure
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
