Fungal Infection — Fungal Infection in Patients in Intensive Care Units
Citation(s)
Bucsics T, Schwabl P, Mandorfer M, Peck-Radosavljevic M Prognosis of cirrhotic patients with fungiascites and spontaneous fungal peritonitis (SFP). J Hepatol. 2016 Jun;64(6):1452-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.01.039. Epub 2016 Feb 23.
Leon DA, McCambridge J Liver cirrhosis mortality rates in Britain from 1950 to 2002: an analysis of routine data. Lancet. 2006 Jan 7;367(9504):52-6. Erratum in: Lancet. 2006 Feb 25;367(9511):650.
Runyon BA; AASLD Introduction to the revised American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Practice Guideline management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis 2012. Hepatology. 2013 Apr;57(4):1651-3. doi: 10.1002/hep.26359.
Predictors of Fungal Infection in Non-neutropenic Patients in Intensive Care Units
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
