Functional Movement Disorder — Mirror Box Therapy as a Treatment Option for Functional Movement Disorders
Citation(s)
Arya KN, Pandian S Effect of task-based mirror therapy on motor recovery of the upper extremity in chronic stroke patients: a pilot study. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2013 May-Jun;20(3):210-7. doi: 10.1310/tsr2003-210.
Diers M, Christmann C, Koeppe C, Ruf M, Flor H Mirrored, imagined and executed movements differentially activate sensorimotor cortex in amputees with and without phantom limb pain. Pain. 2010 May;149(2):296-304. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.02.020. Epub 2010 Mar 31.
Jacob AE, Kaelin DL, Roach AR, Ziegler CH, LaFaver K Motor Retraining (MoRe) for Functional Movement Disorders: Outcomes From a 1-Week Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Program. PM R. 2018 Nov;10(11):1164-1172. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.05.011. Epub 2018 May 18.
Jose N Mirror Box Therapy. Int. J. Adv. Nur. Management. 2014 Apr;2(2):97-9.
Morgante F, Edwards MJ, Espay AJ Psychogenic movement disorders. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2013 Oct;19(5 Movement Disorders):1383-96. doi: 10.1212/01.CON.0000436160.41071.79.
Moseley LG, Gallace A, Spence C Is mirror therapy all it is cracked up to be? Current evidence and future directions. Pain. 2008 Aug 15;138(1):7-10. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.06.026. Epub 2008 Jul 14. No abstract available.
Ricciardi L, Edwards MJ Treatment of functional (psychogenic) movement disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2014 Jan;11(1):201-7. doi: 10.1007/s13311-013-0246-x.
Mirror Box Therapy as a Treatment Option for Functional Movement Disorders
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
