Full Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear — Clinical and Structural Outcome After Early Repair of the Traumatic Rotator Cuff Tear
Citation(s)
Bassett RW, Cofield RH Acute tears of the rotator cuff. The timing of surgical repair. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1983 May;(175):18-24.
Björnsson HC, Norlin R, Johansson K, Adolfsson LE The influence of age, delay of repair, and tendon involvement in acute rotator cuff tears: structural and clinical outcomes after repair of 42 shoulders. Acta Orthop. 2011 Apr;82(2):187-92. doi: 10.3109/17453674.2011.566144. Epub 2011 Mar 24.
Petersen SA, Murphy TP The timing of rotator cuff repair for the restoration of function. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011 Jan;20(1):62-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2010.04.045. Epub 2010 Aug 1.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
