Fractures, Bone — Let's STOP Now Trial: Smoking in Trauma Orthopaedic Patients
Citation(s)
Blumenthal DS Barriers to the provision of smoking cessation services reported by clinicians in underserved communities. J Am Board Fam Med. 2007 May-Jun;20(3):272-9.
Brügger OE, Frei M, Sendi P, Reichart PA, Ramseier CA, Bornstein MM Assessment of smoking behaviour in a dental setting: a 1-year follow-up study using self-reported questionnaire data and exhaled carbon monoxide levels. Clin Oral Investig. 2014 Apr;18(3):909-15. doi: 10.1007/s00784-013-1036-x. Epub 2013 Jul 20.
Chen CC, Chang CH, Tsai YC, Tseng CW, Tu ML, Wang CC, Lin MC, Liu SF Utilizing exhaled carbon monoxide measurement with self-declared smoking cessation: enhancing abstinence effectiveness in Taiwanese outpatients. Clin Respir J. 2015 Jan;9(1):7-13. doi: 10.1111/crj.12096. Epub 2014 Jan 17.
DiClemente CC, Delahanty JC, Fiedler RM The journey to the end of smoking: A personal and population perspective. Am J Prev Med. 2010 Mar;38(3 Suppl):S418-28. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.12.010.
Dohnke B, Ziemann C, Will KE, Weiss-Gerlach E, Spies CD Do hospital treatments represent a 'teachable moment' for quitting smoking? A study from a stage-theoretical perspective. Psychol Health. 2012;27(11):1291-307. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2012.672649. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
Nåsell H, Ottosson C, Törnqvist H, Lindé J, Ponzer S The impact of smoking on complications after operatively treated ankle fractures--a follow-up study of 906 patients. J Orthop Trauma. 2011 Dec;25(12):748-55. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0b013e318213f217.
Spencer L, Pagell F, Hallion ME, Adams TB Applying the transtheoretical model to tobacco cessation and prevention: a review of literature. Am J Health Promot. 2002 Sep-Oct;17(1):7-71. Review.
Stephens BF, Murphy A, Mihalko WM The effects of nutritional deficiencies, smoking, and systemic disease on orthopaedic outcomes. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013 Dec 4;95(23):2152-7.
Let's STOP Now Trial: Smoking in Trauma Orthopaedic Patients. A Prospective Randomized Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
