Flink IK, Smeets E, Bergboma S, Peters ML Happy despite pain: Pilot study of a positive psychology intervention for patients with chronic pain. Scand J Pain. 2015 Apr 1;7(1):71-79. doi: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2015.01.005.
Geschwind N, Meulders M, Peters ML, Vlaeyen JW, Meulders A Can experimentally induced positive affect attenuate generalization of fear of movement-related pain? J Pain. 2015 Mar;16(3):258-69. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2014.12.003. Epub 2014 Dec 20.
Harvie DS, Weermeijer JD, Olthof NA, Meulders A Learning to predict pain: differences in people with persistent neck pain and pain-free controls. PeerJ. 2020 Jun 23;8:e9345. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9345. eCollection 2020.
Meevissen YM, Peters ML, Alberts HJ Become more optimistic by imagining a best possible self: effects of a two week intervention. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2011 Sep;42(3):371-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.02.012. Epub 2011 Mar 2.
Meulders A, Meulders M, Vlaeyen JW Positive affect protects against deficient safety learning during extinction of fear of movement-related pain in healthy individuals scoring relatively high on trait anxiety. J Pain. 2014 Jun;15(6):632-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2014.02.009. Epub 2014 Mar 17.
Meulders A Fear in the context of pain: Lessons learned from 100 years of fear conditioning research. Behav Res Ther. 2020 Aug;131:103635. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103635. Epub 2020 Apr 30. Review.
Vlaeyen JWS, Linton SJ Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a state of the art. Pain. 2000 Apr;85(3):317-332. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00242-0. Review.
Vlaeyen JWS, Linton SJ Fear-avoidance model of chronic musculoskeletal pain: 12 years on. Pain. 2012 Jun;153(6):1144-1147. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.12.009. Epub 2012 Feb 8.
Zbozinek TD, Craske MG The Role of Positive Affect in Enhancing Extinction Learning and Exposure Therapy for Anxiety Disorders. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology. April 2017:13-39. doi:10.5127/jep.052615
Resilience Factors and Selective Learning in Patients With Fibromyalgia
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
