Fetofetal Transfusion — The Utility of MRI Scoring to Predict Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Survivors of Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
Citation(s)
Inder TE, Anderson NJ, Spencer C, Wells S, Volpe JJ White matter injury in the premature infant: a comparison between serial cranial sonographic and MR findings at term. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2003 May;24(5):805-9.
Inder TE, Wells SJ, Mogridge NB, Spencer C, Volpe JJ Defining the nature of the cerebral abnormalities in the premature infant: a qualitative magnetic resonance imaging study. J Pediatr. 2003 Aug;143(2):171-9. doi: 10.1067/S0022-3476(03)00357-3.
Righini A, Kustermann A, Parazzini C, Fogliani R, Ceriani F, Triulzi F Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of acute hypoxic-ischemic cerebral lesions in the survivor of a monochorionic twin pregnancy: case report. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Apr;29(4):453-6. doi: 10.1002/uog.3967.
Woodward LJ, Mogridge N, Wells SW, Inder TE Can neurobehavioral examination predict the presence of cerebral injury in the very low birth weight infant? J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2004 Oct;25(5):326-34. doi: 10.1097/00004703-200410000-00004.
The Utility of MRI Scoring to Predict Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Survivors
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
