Female Infertility — Extended Culture of Day 3 to Day 5 Frozen Thawed Day 3 Embryos Versus Day 5 Frozen-Thawed Embryos
Citation(s)
Boyard J, Reignier A, Chtourou S, Lefebvre T, Barriere P, Freour T Should artificial shrinkage be performed prior to blastocyst vitrification? A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Hum Fertil (Camb). 2022 Feb;25(1):24-32. doi: 10.1080/14647273.2019.1701205. Epub 2020 Jan 24.
Nagy ZP, Shapiro D, Chang CC Vitrification of the human embryo: a more efficient and safer in vitro fertilization treatment. Fertil Steril. 2020 Feb;113(2):241-247. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.12.009.
Ozgur K, Berkkanoglu M, Bulut H, Isikli A, Coetzee K Higher clinical pregnancy rates from frozen-thawed blastocyst transfers compared to fresh blastocyst transfers: a retrospective matched-cohort study. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2015 Oct;32(10):1483-90. doi: 10.1007/s10815-015-0576-1. Epub 2015 Sep 23.
Roque M, Haahr T, Geber S, Esteves SC, Humaidan P Fresh versus elective frozen embryo transfer in IVF/ICSI cycles: a systematic review and meta-analysis of reproductive outcomes. Hum Reprod Update. 2019 Jan 1;25(1):2-14. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmy033.
Van Landuyt L, Polyzos NP, De Munck N, Blockeel C, Van de Velde H, Verheyen G A prospective randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of artificial shrinkage (collapse) on the implantation potential of vitrified blastocysts. Hum Reprod. 2015 Nov;30(11):2509-18. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dev218. Epub 2015 Sep 12.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
